The implementation of Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs) is a significant step towards expanding global internet access. IDNs allow users to utilize non-Latin characters in domain names and email addresses, enabling over half the world’s population to read and write domain names in their native languages.
However, under ICANN’s current plan, IDN implementation is restricted. Initially, only country code Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs) are permitted to use IDNs, while global domains like .com and .org will have to wait at least another year. This means IDN users won’t be able to access popular websites like Youtube.com in their native languages.
Prioritizing IDN implementation for ccTLDs also raises concerns about censorship and freedom of speech. Governments have complete control over ccTLDs and can suspend any domain name if they deem its content or activities to violate national laws or interests.
For instance, if you want to reach the people of Iran through a domain name in Farsi, currently only the Iranian government can grant you one. Farsi versions of global domains like .com and .org won’t be available until at least 2011. Iran only allows organizations legally represented in Iran, individuals residing in Iran, and others “whose activity and use of the domain name does not conflict with the laws, customs and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran” to register a .ir domain. If you do acquire a .ir domain, don’t expect it to last long if your videos or commentary criticize Iranian foreign policy or the conduct of their recent elections.
This raises questions about the free and open internet access for IDN users. While the rest of the world benefits from an uncontrolled internet, IDN users may face government-imposed censorship and restrictions.
Delaying IDN implementation for global domains like .com and .org is restricting free and open internet access for a significant portion of the global population. Iranian citizens, as well as users in many other countries, are being limited in their ability to fully participate in the global online community. Allowing .com and other global domain registrations in Farsi and other languages would facilitate equal participation and freedom of expression on the internet.
