A domain name is the foundation of a website, acting as its unique identifier on the internet. They’re just names, but they need to point to a server that hosts your website’s data. So why do we have to pay for domain names when the web is free?
There are four key players involved in domain name registration:
- Registry: Manages top-level domains (TLDs) like .COM, .NET. Registries must be accredited by ICANN to sell domain names for their TLD or ccTLD (country code top-level domain). Verisign is the registry for .COM and .NET domains.
- Registrar: Connects with multiple registries to sell domain names across various TLDs and ccTLDs. For example, GoDaddy is a registrar.
- Registrant: The individual or entity who registers a domain name for a fixed period (typically 1-10 years).
- ICANN: Oversees the entire domain name registration process and acts as a governing body.
When you register a domain name, you’re paying the bulk of the registration fee to the registrar (e.g., GoDaddy). A smaller portion goes to the registry (e.g., Verisign). Domain registration costs cover this small fee. So why do we have to pay?
Charging for domain registration is similar to any other business—it aims to generate profit. When the internet started to grow, this system was created to make money. Previously, websites were accessed using IP addresses. You can research Hosts.txt or DNS for more details. While “free domain registration” is often advertised, it typically comes with conditions. For instance, you might be required to use the provider’s hosting services, or your domain might contain advertising. Therefore, carefully review the terms and conditions before registering a “free” domain. Seek out a reputable provider and weigh the costs against the quality of service to make the best choice.
